FASTING: Articles (Caloric Restriction)
The following are a set of curated scientific articles that pertain to caloric restriction (“fasting”) in one form or another. The hyperlinks will take you to PubMed where the original article can be accessed in more depth and often printed out, if necessary.
In a pilot clinical trial, three FMD cycles decreased risk factors/biomarkers for aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer without major adverse effects, providing support for the use of FMDs to promote healthspan.
These findings suggest that 8-h time restricted feeding produces mild caloric restriction and weight loss, without calorie counting. It may also offer clinical benefits by reducing blood pressure.
Fasting, circadian rhythms, and time restricted feeding in healthy lifespan
Given the pleiotropic and sustained benefits of TRF and FMD, both basic science and translational research are warranted to develop fasting-associated interventions into effective and inexpensive treatments with the potential to improve healthspan.
Breakfast consumption acutely affects clock and clock-controlled gene expression leading to normal oscillation. Breakfast skipping adversely affects clock and clock-controlled gene expression and is correlated with increased postprandial glycemic response in both healthy individuals and individuals with diabetes.
We conclude that healthy non-obese humans on a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet show physiologic, hematologic, hormonal, and biochemical changes resembling those of rodents and monkeys on such diets. With regard to the health of humans on such a diet, we observed that despite the selective restriction in calories and marked weight loss, all crew members remained in excellent health and sustained a high level of physical and mental activity throughout the entire 2 years.
Findings from this 2-year CR trial in healthy, non-obese humans provide new evidence of persistent metabolic slowing accompanied by reduced oxidative stress, which supports the rate of living and oxidative damage theories of mammalian aging.
Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes,, and cardiovascular disease
A post hoc analysis of subjects from both FMD arms showed that body mass index, blood pressure, fasting glucose, IGF-1, triglycerides, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein were more beneficially affected in participants at risk for disease than in subjects who were not at risk. Thus, cycles of a 5-day FMD are safe, feasible, and effective in reducing markers/risk factors for aging and age-related diseases.
The results suggest that longevity can be extended in ad libitum-fed animals by manipulating the ratio of macronutrients to inhibit mTOR activation.
We demonstrate in mice that tRF regimen is a nonpharmacological strategy against obesity and associated diseases.
Time-restricted feeding for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders
We discovered that imposing a time-restricted feeding (TRF) regimen in which all caloric intakes occur consistently within ≤ 12 h every day exerts many cardiometabolic benefits. TRF prevents excessive body weight gain, improves sleep, and attenuates age- and diet-induced deterioration in cardiac performance.
We establish clinically relevant parameters of TRF for preventing and treating obesity and metabolic disorders, including type II diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia.